The top tier is Grand Cru, followed by Premier Cru, followed by Village level, and finally followed by regional Bourgogne wines. Within Burgundy, there is a four-tier quality system for wines. The soil type is mostly Kimmeridgian marl, also found in southern parts of the nearby region of Champagne. The Serein river runs through the hilly and forested region of Chablis. It is known for its cool climate which makes it the perfect place to grow Chardonnay grapes. Southeast of Paris, Chablis lies within Burgundy at the northernmost point. These technologies and the growth of popularity of Chardonnay have contributed to the revival of Chablis, one of the most recognized appellations in the world. Some growers use heated wires and thermo-protective fabrics. As a result, various technologies are now in place to combat spring frost including using fuel-burning metal heaters and windmills to increase hyperlocal temperatures. Plantings dropped to 1% of the original acreage at the start of the 19th century. However, in the 1950s, frost wiped out vineyards. Two world wars did not make recovery any easier.įor the winemakers who persisted, the Chablis AOC mandated Chardonnay as the sole grape variety because of its suitability to the cooler climate. It took several decades to recover, and many producers decided to abandon winemaking altogether.
In the late 1800s, vineyards were severely damaged by phylloxera pests.
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